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Metered Electricity Generation December 2023

Renewable energy sources accounted for a record 60% share of metered electricity generation in December 2023

Online ISSN: 2990-8183
CSO statistical release, , 11am

Key Findings

  • Renewable energy sources produced 60% of metered electricity generation in December 2023 which was the highest monthly renewable share in the 2020-2023 series (See Table 2C).

  • There were 1.5 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of wind-generated electricity in December 2023 which was the highest for a single month in the time series (See Table 2B).

  • Metered electricity generation from Solar increased from 20,120 MWh in 2022 to 439,162 MWh in 2023 (See Table 3).

  • Imports of electricity in 2023 were 3.7 million MWh which was 135% higher than the 2022 figure of 1.6 million MWh (See Table 8B).

  • The lowest half-hourly proportions of renewable energy in December 2023 were 56% between 7:30am and 10:30am (See Table 6A).

  • The highest and lowest half-hourly generation periods in December 2023 were between 5pm and 5:30pm when it was 71,015 MWh and between 3:30am and 4am when it was 46,104 MWh (See Table 5A).

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (14 February 2024) published Metered Electricity Generation for December 2023.

Commenting on the release Dympna Corry, Statistician in the Environment and Climate Division, said: "The release shows how the proportion of metered electricity generated from renewable fuel sources (Wind, Solar, Renewable Hydro, and Other Renewable) and non-renewable fuel sources varies by time of day and by month.”

Monthly and Annual Peak Demand

In 2023, peak electricity demand exceeded 700,000 megawatt-hours (MWh) in eight half-hourly periods between 4:30pm and 8:30pm (See Table 5A and Figure 1). The highest 30-minute period for the year was between 6pm and 6:30pm at 750,338 MWh. The time period with the highest half-hourly generation within a single month was in January 2023 when 73,791 MWh were generated between 5:30pm and 6pm.

Natural Gas and Wind

In December 2023, Wind accounted for 55% and Gas accounted for 32% of metered electricity generation (See Table 2A). The overall rates for 2023 were 47% for Gas and 39% for Wind (See Table 3).

Renewable Hydro

There were 933,228 MWh of metered electricity generated by Renewable Hydro in 2023 which was the highest in the 2020-2023 time series (See Table 3).

In 2023, December was the month with the highest generation from Renewable Hydro at 121,933 MWh (See Table 2B).

In 2023, Renewable Hydro was the fourth highest fuel source for metered electricity generation with 933,228 MWh compared with 593,508 MWh for Waste and 439,162 MWh for Solar (See Table 3).

Monthly Renewable Hydro generation exceeded that of Solar for January to April 2023 and for August to December 2023 (See Table 2B).

Solar

Metered electricity generated from Solar increased from 20,120 MWh in 2022 to 439,162 MWh in 2023 (See Table 3). The highest ever quantity of metered electricity generation from Solar in a single month was in June 2023 at 68,120 MWh (See Table 2B).

The monthly half-hourly period in 2023 with the highest amount of metered electricity generated from Solar occurred between 2pm and 2:30pm in May 2023 with a monthly figure of 3,505 MWh for that 30-minute period (See Table 5C).

Electricity generated by households and enterprises from rooftop solar panels, primarily for own consumption, is not included in this release.

Coal

Electricity generated from Coal increased from 723,440 MWh in 2020 to 2.8 million MWh in 2021 and 2.5 million MWh in 2022 (See Table 3). In 2023, electricity generation from Coal was 1.2 million MWh.

Exports and Imports of Electricity

In 2023, 0.4 million MWh were exported which was well below the 2022 annual figure of 1.3 million MWh (See Table 8A). There was a sharp increase in Imports of electricity in 2023 to 3.7 million MWh compared with 1.6 million MWh in 2022 (See Table 8B).

Peak Half-hourly Metered Electricity Generation 2020-2023

There is an increase in metered electricity generation leading into breakfast time and a further increase around 5pm to 7pm (See Figure 1). Peak generation in the evening is typically met by increasing the share of fossil fuels in metered electricity generation.

2020202120222023
00:00-00:30573669559393584890547342
00:30-01:00567069556078581774539575
01:00-01:30560981551880575653529739
01:30-02:00547217536887558593517455
02:00-02:30540277532882556135512552
02:30-03:00530586522045547581499017
03:00-03:30530774522755550903497423
03:30-04:00528179517303545171489827
04:00-04:30538450526515553382499168
04:30-05:00544148531371557620498673
05:00-05:30565619549884577637521534
05:30-06:00576468560862597540536036
06:00-06:30596117580796629067565300
06:30-07:00615335605283657782588803
07:00-07:30638219626509681544615171
07:30-08:00658210647180701489642900
08:00-08:30669859662188707189651693
08:30-09:00677001672425713177664114
09:00-09:30682545673616714031668969
09:30-10:00687338673593714756671376
10:00-10:30691210676013716257670062
10:30-11:00695673678232716521669513
11:00-11:30704959682978719843674413
11:30-12:00709242684535719270674571
12:00-12:30710676685104720968679149
12:30-13:00702219677769715479678448
13:00-13:30698661675280717804676975
13:30-14:00690149665191711181665313
14:00-14:30692053665024715665669326
14:30-15:00693895666460718716664564
15:00-15:30701792674375727018671237
15:30-16:00720538694851743919679842
16:00-16:30736291712438759537695862
16:30-17:00761617740584782032720979
17:00-17:30771818750444787329739203
17:30-18:00772930754522788204748824
18:00-18:30763842748431783411750338
18:30-19:00749833734348771111740397
19:00-19:30740281724188764273734255
19:30-20:00722124700144744761715625
20:00-20:30711294687166732477700653
20:30-21:00690409660752707234681959
21:00-21:30678356645819691495669767
21:30-22:00648089613233659665638549
22:00-22:30624035597606637870618629
22:30-23:00600755582339614070582923
23:00-23:30592010576578606171568546
23:30-24:00577892563709589772553891

Primary Fuels used in Annual Metered Electricity Generation

Gas was used for 48% of metered electricity generation in 2020 (See Table 1). This decreased to 46% in 2021 when there was a substantial increase in the Coal share to 9%. Wind generation accounted for 39% of metered electricity generation in 2020 and in 2023. Metered electricity generated from Solar increased from 0.1% in 2022 to 1.5% in 2023.

Table 1 Proportion of Metered Electricity Generation by Selected Fuel Types 2020-2023

Generation Trends During December 2020-2023

There were 2.8 million MWh of metered electricity generated in December 2023 which was 6% lower than the December 2022 figure of 3.0 million MWh (See Table 2A).

Table 2A Metered Electricity Generation by Primary Fuel Category December 2020-2023

Primary Fuel Share in Monthly Metered Electricity Generation

Natural Gas is the main fuel used to generate electricity. In 2023, it varied from a 61% share in both May and June 2023 to 32% in December (See Table 2B). Wind produced 55% of total metered electricity generation in December 2023 compared with 25% of metered electricity generation in both May and June.

In 2022, the highest proportion of electricity generated from Gas was 63% in August while for Wind it was 55% in February.

Battery Storage Biomass/Peat Coal Gas Renewable Hydro Hydro Storage Oil Solar Waste Wind
January015434100243
February023452120143
March024463111240
April024483101238
May024612003225
June024610103225
July004503103238
August003484103238
September005492102237
October024484112236
November014424101243
December014324100255
Table 2B Metered Electricity Generation by Primary Fuel Category January-December 2023

Monthly Renewable Energy Share

December 2023 had the highest monthly share of renewable energy in metered electricity generation at 60% followed by February 2020 and February 2022 at 59% (See Table 2C). July 2021 at 16% had the lowest renewable energy share during the January 2020 to December 2023 time series. The renewable energy share by month and half-hourly period for 2023 is given in Table 6A.

Table 2C Renewable Energy Percentage of Metered Electricity Generation January 2020-December 2023

Annual Metered Electricity Generation

Gas and Wind were the main primary fuels used in 2020-2023. In 2023, there were 14.2 million MWh of electricity generated from Gas compared with 11.7 million MWh generated from Wind (See Table 3).

Table 3 Metered Electricity Generation by Primary Fuel Category 2020-2023

Daily Metered Electricity Generation

In December 2023, the highest daily metered electricity generation figure was 117,543 MWh on 06 December (See Table 4A). The lowest daily metered electricity generation figure in 2023 was 54,644 MWh on 02 July (See Table 4B).

Table 4A Metered Electricity Generation for All Primary Fuels by Day December 2020-2023

Table 4B Metered Electricity Generation for All Primary Fuels by Day January-December 2023

Monthly Metered Electricity Generation by Time Period

The highest half-hourly periods for metered electricity generation in 2023 occurred between 4:30pm and 8:30pm when over 700,000 MWh was generated in each half-hour. The lowest half-hourly periods in 2023 were between 2:30am and 5am when less than 500,000 MWh were generated (See Table 5A).

Coal Gas Renewable Hydro Solar Waste Wind
00:00-00:3042950259
00:30-01:0042850259
01:00-01:3042850259
01:30-02:0042850259
02:00-02:3042850259
02:30-03:0042850258
03:00-03:3042850358
03:30-04:0042850358
04:00-04:3042850359
04:30-05:0042850358
05:00-05:3042950258
05:30-06:0043050257
06:00-06:3043240256
06:30-07:0043340255
07:00-07:3043540253
07:30-08:0043640252
08:00-08:3043640251
08:30-09:0043640251
09:00-09:3043640251
09:30-10:0043641250
10:00-10:3043641250
10:30-11:0043541251
11:00-11:3043542251
11:30-12:0043442252
12:00-12:3043342253
12:30-13:0043342253
13:00-13:3043342253
13:30-14:0043342254
14:00-14:3043341254
14:30-15:0043341254
15:00-15:3043340254
15:30-16:0043440254
16:00-16:3043340253
16:30-17:0043340252
17:00-17:3043240252
17:30-18:0043240253
18:00-18:3043240254
18:30-19:0043240254
19:00-19:3043240255
19:30-20:0043240255
20:00-20:3043240256
20:30-21:0043240256
21:00-21:3043240256
21:30-22:0043140257
22:00-22:3043040258
22:30-23:0042950259
23:00-23:3042950259
23:30-24:0042850260
Table 5A Metered Electricity Generation for All Primary Fuels by Time Period January-December 2023

Wind Generation is Highest in Winter

There were five months in 2023 when the amount of metered electricity generated from Wind exceeded one million MWh (See Table 5B and Figure 4). December 2023 was the month with the highest amount of Wind generated electricity at 1.5 million MWh. June 2023 was the month with the lowest amount of electricity generated by Wind at 0.6 million MWh.

2020202120222023
January126083998610010230251226819
February1589648140338115494881121321
March123961810043589639551139129
April607100672878859288944095
May819394773168869679579223
June775125627494741540552350
July810722317264527659887836
August669058569234521486895663
September804480540086654946859628
October11921749610041262786844081
November110333096588013490751147793
December1295945126879810478321547436
Table 5B Metered Electricity Generation for Wind by Time Period January-December 2023

Solar Generation is Highest in June

In 2023, generation by Solar was highest in June at 68,120 MWh (See Table 5C) followed by May (65,690 MWh) and July (63,630 MWh). January 2023 had the lowest amount of metered electricity generated by Solar at 4,140 MWh.

Table 5C Metered Electricity Generation for Solar by Time Period January-December 2023

Renewable Hydro Generation is Highest in Winter

There were 121,933 MWh generated from Renewable Hydro in December 2023 (See Table 5D) which was the highest month in 2023. The next highest month was January 2023 when there were 120,910 MWh generated.

Renewable HydroSolarWaste
January120910414053347
February549621015038170
March815831717147352
April856643634446855
May402256569055514
June77046812043810
July599086363037067
August890055917956847
September553254470152547
October1012173665656588
November1147912258448877
December1219331079856534
Table 5D Metered Electricity Generation for Renewable Hydro by Time Period January-December 2023

Renewable Energy Sources Proportion by Time Period and Month

The months with the lowest half-hourly proportion of renewable metered electricity at 23% were May 2023 between 7:30am and 8:30am and June between 8:30pm and 9:30pm (See Table 6A). The monthly half-hourly periods in 2023 with the highest proportion of renewable metered electricity generation were in December at 65% between 1am and 1:30am and between 11:30pm and midnight (See Table 6A).

2020202120222023
00:00-00:3046404246
00:30-01:0046404246
01:00-01:3047404247
01:30-02:0047414347
02:00-02:3047414347
02:30-03:0047414348
03:00-03:3047414348
03:30-04:0046414348
04:00-04:3046414248
04:30-05:0045404247
05:00-05:3044394146
05:30-06:0043383945
06:00-06:3043373843
06:30-07:0042363742
07:00-07:3041353641
07:30-08:0040343539
08:00-08:3039333439
08:30-09:0039333539
09:00-09:3040333540
09:30-10:0040333541
10:00-10:3040333642
10:30-11:0041343643
11:00-11:3041343744
11:30-12:0041353745
12:00-12:3042353846
12:30-13:0043363946
13:00-13:3043363947
13:30-14:0044373948
14:00-14:3044373948
14:30-15:0043373948
15:00-15:3043363848
15:30-16:0042353747
16:00-16:3041343746
16:30-17:0040333644
17:00-17:3039333543
17:30-18:0039323542
18:00-18:3039323441
18:30-19:0039333541
19:00-19:3039333440
19:30-20:0040343540
20:00-20:3040343541
20:30-21:0041363641
21:00-21:3042363741
21:30-22:0043383842
22:00-22:3045393943
22:30-23:0045394045
23:00-23:3046404145
23:30-24:0046404246
Table 6A: Renewable Energy Percentage of Metered Electricity Generation by Time Period January-December 2023

Gas Proportion by Time Period and Month

The percentage of metered electricity generated from Gas in December 2023 was highest at 36% between 7:30am and 10:30am (See Table 6B and Figure 3). The monthly half-hourly periods during 2023 with the highest share of metered electricity generation by Gas were between 7am and 8:30am in May at 67% (See Table 6B). The time period with the lowest Gas share was between 0:30am and 5am in December at 28%.

Table 6B Natural Gas Percentage of Metered Electricity Generation by Time Period January-December 2023

Wind Proportion by Time Period and Month

The monthly half-hourly period in 2023 with the highest share of metered electricity generation by Wind was in December between 11:30pm and midnight at 60% (See Table 6C and Figure 3). The time periods with the lowest Wind share in 2023 were between 8am and 9am in May at 18%.

Table 6C Wind Percentage of Metered Electricity Generation by Time Period January-December 2023

Number of Generation Plants by Primary Fuel

There were around 500 metered electricity generation plants providing electricity to the national grid in 2023 (See Table 7). A power plant was calculated on the basis of its unique identification number. The unique ID is changed when a plant is sold so the same location could be counted more than once. Wind farms accounted for 62% of power plants in 2023. In 2022, 15 Solar farms were connected to the grid, and this increased to 21 in 2023.

Table 7 Number of Generation Plants by Primary Fuel Category 2020-2023

Exports and Imports of Electricity

In 2023, a total of 446,423 MWh were exported (See Table 8A). Imports increased considerably in 2023 to 3.7 million MWh - total Imports in 2022 were 1.6 million MWh (See Table 8B).

ExportsImports
201510786041751974
20161583011871294
201717949101116408
201816492491621519
201915350382179579
202019130961761447
20218633292450923
202213297321581628
20234464233721175
Table 8A Exports of Electricity January 2015-December 2023

Table 8B Imports of Electricity January 2015-December 2023

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