Renewable energy sources produced 60% of metered electricity generation in December 2023 which was the highest monthly renewable share in the 2020-2023 series (See Table 2C).
There were 1.5 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of wind-generated electricity in December 2023 which was the highest for a single month in the time series (See Table 2B).
Metered electricity generation from Solar increased from 20,120 MWh in 2022 to 439,162 MWh in 2023 (See Table 3).
Imports of electricity in 2023 were 3.7 million MWh which was 135% higher than the 2022 figure of 1.6 million MWh (See Table 8B).
The lowest half-hourly proportions of renewable energy in December 2023 were 56% between 7:30am and 10:30am (See Table 6A).
The highest and lowest half-hourly generation periods in December 2023 were between 5pm and 5:30pm when it was 71,015 MWh and between 3:30am and 4am when it was 46,104 MWh (See Table 5A).
There is an increase in metered electricity generation leading into breakfast time and a further increase around 5pm to 7pm (See Figure 1). Peak generation in the evening is typically met by increasing the share of fossil fuels in metered electricity generation.
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
00:00-00:30 | 573669 | 559393 | 584890 | 547342 |
00:30-01:00 | 567069 | 556078 | 581774 | 539575 |
01:00-01:30 | 560981 | 551880 | 575653 | 529739 |
01:30-02:00 | 547217 | 536887 | 558593 | 517455 |
02:00-02:30 | 540277 | 532882 | 556135 | 512552 |
02:30-03:00 | 530586 | 522045 | 547581 | 499017 |
03:00-03:30 | 530774 | 522755 | 550903 | 497423 |
03:30-04:00 | 528179 | 517303 | 545171 | 489827 |
04:00-04:30 | 538450 | 526515 | 553382 | 499168 |
04:30-05:00 | 544148 | 531371 | 557620 | 498673 |
05:00-05:30 | 565619 | 549884 | 577637 | 521534 |
05:30-06:00 | 576468 | 560862 | 597540 | 536036 |
06:00-06:30 | 596117 | 580796 | 629067 | 565300 |
06:30-07:00 | 615335 | 605283 | 657782 | 588803 |
07:00-07:30 | 638219 | 626509 | 681544 | 615171 |
07:30-08:00 | 658210 | 647180 | 701489 | 642900 |
08:00-08:30 | 669859 | 662188 | 707189 | 651693 |
08:30-09:00 | 677001 | 672425 | 713177 | 664114 |
09:00-09:30 | 682545 | 673616 | 714031 | 668969 |
09:30-10:00 | 687338 | 673593 | 714756 | 671376 |
10:00-10:30 | 691210 | 676013 | 716257 | 670062 |
10:30-11:00 | 695673 | 678232 | 716521 | 669513 |
11:00-11:30 | 704959 | 682978 | 719843 | 674413 |
11:30-12:00 | 709242 | 684535 | 719270 | 674571 |
12:00-12:30 | 710676 | 685104 | 720968 | 679149 |
12:30-13:00 | 702219 | 677769 | 715479 | 678448 |
13:00-13:30 | 698661 | 675280 | 717804 | 676975 |
13:30-14:00 | 690149 | 665191 | 711181 | 665313 |
14:00-14:30 | 692053 | 665024 | 715665 | 669326 |
14:30-15:00 | 693895 | 666460 | 718716 | 664564 |
15:00-15:30 | 701792 | 674375 | 727018 | 671237 |
15:30-16:00 | 720538 | 694851 | 743919 | 679842 |
16:00-16:30 | 736291 | 712438 | 759537 | 695862 |
16:30-17:00 | 761617 | 740584 | 782032 | 720979 |
17:00-17:30 | 771818 | 750444 | 787329 | 739203 |
17:30-18:00 | 772930 | 754522 | 788204 | 748824 |
18:00-18:30 | 763842 | 748431 | 783411 | 750338 |
18:30-19:00 | 749833 | 734348 | 771111 | 740397 |
19:00-19:30 | 740281 | 724188 | 764273 | 734255 |
19:30-20:00 | 722124 | 700144 | 744761 | 715625 |
20:00-20:30 | 711294 | 687166 | 732477 | 700653 |
20:30-21:00 | 690409 | 660752 | 707234 | 681959 |
21:00-21:30 | 678356 | 645819 | 691495 | 669767 |
21:30-22:00 | 648089 | 613233 | 659665 | 638549 |
22:00-22:30 | 624035 | 597606 | 637870 | 618629 |
22:30-23:00 | 600755 | 582339 | 614070 | 582923 |
23:00-23:30 | 592010 | 576578 | 606171 | 568546 |
23:30-24:00 | 577892 | 563709 | 589772 | 553891 |
Gas was used for 48% of metered electricity generation in 2020 (See Table 1). This decreased to 46% in 2021 when there was a substantial increase in the Coal share to 9%. Wind generation accounted for 39% of metered electricity generation in 2020 and in 2023. Metered electricity generated from Solar increased from 0.1% in 2022 to 1.5% in 2023.
There were 2.8 million MWh of metered electricity generated in December 2023 which was 6% lower than the December 2022 figure of 3.0 million MWh (See Table 2A).
Natural Gas is the main fuel used to generate electricity. In 2023, it varied from a 61% share in both May and June 2023 to 32% in December (See Table 2B). Wind produced 55% of total metered electricity generation in December 2023 compared with 25% of metered electricity generation in both May and June.
In 2022, the highest proportion of electricity generated from Gas was 63% in August while for Wind it was 55% in February.
Battery Storage | Biomass/Peat | Coal | Gas | Renewable Hydro | Hydro Storage | Oil | Solar | Waste | Wind | |
January | 0 | 1 | 5 | 43 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 43 |
February | 0 | 2 | 3 | 45 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 43 |
March | 0 | 2 | 4 | 46 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 40 |
April | 0 | 2 | 4 | 48 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 38 |
May | 0 | 2 | 4 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 25 |
June | 0 | 2 | 4 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 25 |
July | 0 | 0 | 4 | 50 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 38 |
August | 0 | 0 | 3 | 48 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 38 |
September | 0 | 0 | 5 | 49 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 37 |
October | 0 | 2 | 4 | 48 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 36 |
November | 0 | 1 | 4 | 42 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 43 |
December | 0 | 1 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 55 |
December 2023 had the highest monthly share of renewable energy in metered electricity generation at 60% followed by February 2020 and February 2022 at 59% (See Table 2C). July 2021 at 16% had the lowest renewable energy share during the January 2020 to December 2023 time series. The renewable energy share by month and half-hourly period for 2023 is given in Table 6A.
Gas and Wind were the main primary fuels used in 2020-2023. In 2023, there were 14.2 million MWh of electricity generated from Gas compared with 11.7 million MWh generated from Wind (See Table 3).
In December 2023, the highest daily metered electricity generation figure was 117,543 MWh on 06 December (See Table 4A). The lowest daily metered electricity generation figure in 2023 was 54,644 MWh on 02 July (See Table 4B).
The highest half-hourly periods for metered electricity generation in 2023 occurred between 4:30pm and 8:30pm when over 700,000 MWh was generated in each half-hour. The lowest half-hourly periods in 2023 were between 2:30am and 5am when less than 500,000 MWh were generated (See Table 5A).
Coal | Gas | Renewable Hydro | Solar | Waste | Wind | |
00:00-00:30 | 4 | 29 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
00:30-01:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
01:00-01:30 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
01:30-02:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
02:00-02:30 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
02:30-03:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 58 |
03:00-03:30 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 58 |
03:30-04:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 58 |
04:00-04:30 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 59 |
04:30-05:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 58 |
05:00-05:30 | 4 | 29 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 58 |
05:30-06:00 | 4 | 30 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 57 |
06:00-06:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 56 |
06:30-07:00 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 55 |
07:00-07:30 | 4 | 35 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 53 |
07:30-08:00 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 52 |
08:00-08:30 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 51 |
08:30-09:00 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 51 |
09:00-09:30 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 51 |
09:30-10:00 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 50 |
10:00-10:30 | 4 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 50 |
10:30-11:00 | 4 | 35 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 51 |
11:00-11:30 | 4 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 51 |
11:30-12:00 | 4 | 34 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 52 |
12:00-12:30 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 53 |
12:30-13:00 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 53 |
13:00-13:30 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 53 |
13:30-14:00 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 54 |
14:00-14:30 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 54 |
14:30-15:00 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 54 |
15:00-15:30 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 54 |
15:30-16:00 | 4 | 34 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 54 |
16:00-16:30 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 53 |
16:30-17:00 | 4 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 52 |
17:00-17:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 52 |
17:30-18:00 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 53 |
18:00-18:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 54 |
18:30-19:00 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 54 |
19:00-19:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 55 |
19:30-20:00 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 55 |
20:00-20:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 56 |
20:30-21:00 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 56 |
21:00-21:30 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 56 |
21:30-22:00 | 4 | 31 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 57 |
22:00-22:30 | 4 | 30 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 58 |
22:30-23:00 | 4 | 29 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
23:00-23:30 | 4 | 29 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 59 |
23:30-24:00 | 4 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 60 |
There were five months in 2023 when the amount of metered electricity generated from Wind exceeded one million MWh (See Table 5B and Figure 4). December 2023 was the month with the highest amount of Wind generated electricity at 1.5 million MWh. June 2023 was the month with the lowest amount of electricity generated by Wind at 0.6 million MWh.
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
January | 1260839 | 986100 | 1023025 | 1226819 |
February | 1589648 | 1403381 | 1549488 | 1121321 |
March | 1239618 | 1004358 | 963955 | 1139129 |
April | 607100 | 672878 | 859288 | 944095 |
May | 819394 | 773168 | 869679 | 579223 |
June | 775125 | 627494 | 741540 | 552350 |
July | 810722 | 317264 | 527659 | 887836 |
August | 669058 | 569234 | 521486 | 895663 |
September | 804480 | 540086 | 654946 | 859628 |
October | 1192174 | 961004 | 1262786 | 844081 |
November | 1103330 | 965880 | 1349075 | 1147793 |
December | 1295945 | 1268798 | 1047832 | 1547436 |
In 2023, generation by Solar was highest in June at 68,120 MWh (See Table 5C) followed by May (65,690 MWh) and July (63,630 MWh). January 2023 had the lowest amount of metered electricity generated by Solar at 4,140 MWh.
There were 121,933 MWh generated from Renewable Hydro in December 2023 (See Table 5D) which was the highest month in 2023. The next highest month was January 2023 when there were 120,910 MWh generated.
Renewable Hydro | Solar | Waste | |
January | 120910 | 4140 | 53347 |
February | 54962 | 10150 | 38170 |
March | 81583 | 17171 | 47352 |
April | 85664 | 36344 | 46855 |
May | 40225 | 65690 | 55514 |
June | 7704 | 68120 | 43810 |
July | 59908 | 63630 | 37067 |
August | 89005 | 59179 | 56847 |
September | 55325 | 44701 | 52547 |
October | 101217 | 36656 | 56588 |
November | 114791 | 22584 | 48877 |
December | 121933 | 10798 | 56534 |
The months with the lowest half-hourly proportion of renewable metered electricity at 23% were May 2023 between 7:30am and 8:30am and June between 8:30pm and 9:30pm (See Table 6A). The monthly half-hourly periods in 2023 with the highest proportion of renewable metered electricity generation were in December at 65% between 1am and 1:30am and between 11:30pm and midnight (See Table 6A).
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
00:00-00:30 | 46 | 40 | 42 | 46 |
00:30-01:00 | 46 | 40 | 42 | 46 |
01:00-01:30 | 47 | 40 | 42 | 47 |
01:30-02:00 | 47 | 41 | 43 | 47 |
02:00-02:30 | 47 | 41 | 43 | 47 |
02:30-03:00 | 47 | 41 | 43 | 48 |
03:00-03:30 | 47 | 41 | 43 | 48 |
03:30-04:00 | 46 | 41 | 43 | 48 |
04:00-04:30 | 46 | 41 | 42 | 48 |
04:30-05:00 | 45 | 40 | 42 | 47 |
05:00-05:30 | 44 | 39 | 41 | 46 |
05:30-06:00 | 43 | 38 | 39 | 45 |
06:00-06:30 | 43 | 37 | 38 | 43 |
06:30-07:00 | 42 | 36 | 37 | 42 |
07:00-07:30 | 41 | 35 | 36 | 41 |
07:30-08:00 | 40 | 34 | 35 | 39 |
08:00-08:30 | 39 | 33 | 34 | 39 |
08:30-09:00 | 39 | 33 | 35 | 39 |
09:00-09:30 | 40 | 33 | 35 | 40 |
09:30-10:00 | 40 | 33 | 35 | 41 |
10:00-10:30 | 40 | 33 | 36 | 42 |
10:30-11:00 | 41 | 34 | 36 | 43 |
11:00-11:30 | 41 | 34 | 37 | 44 |
11:30-12:00 | 41 | 35 | 37 | 45 |
12:00-12:30 | 42 | 35 | 38 | 46 |
12:30-13:00 | 43 | 36 | 39 | 46 |
13:00-13:30 | 43 | 36 | 39 | 47 |
13:30-14:00 | 44 | 37 | 39 | 48 |
14:00-14:30 | 44 | 37 | 39 | 48 |
14:30-15:00 | 43 | 37 | 39 | 48 |
15:00-15:30 | 43 | 36 | 38 | 48 |
15:30-16:00 | 42 | 35 | 37 | 47 |
16:00-16:30 | 41 | 34 | 37 | 46 |
16:30-17:00 | 40 | 33 | 36 | 44 |
17:00-17:30 | 39 | 33 | 35 | 43 |
17:30-18:00 | 39 | 32 | 35 | 42 |
18:00-18:30 | 39 | 32 | 34 | 41 |
18:30-19:00 | 39 | 33 | 35 | 41 |
19:00-19:30 | 39 | 33 | 34 | 40 |
19:30-20:00 | 40 | 34 | 35 | 40 |
20:00-20:30 | 40 | 34 | 35 | 41 |
20:30-21:00 | 41 | 36 | 36 | 41 |
21:00-21:30 | 42 | 36 | 37 | 41 |
21:30-22:00 | 43 | 38 | 38 | 42 |
22:00-22:30 | 45 | 39 | 39 | 43 |
22:30-23:00 | 45 | 39 | 40 | 45 |
23:00-23:30 | 46 | 40 | 41 | 45 |
23:30-24:00 | 46 | 40 | 42 | 46 |
The percentage of metered electricity generated from Gas in December 2023 was highest at 36% between 7:30am and 10:30am (See Table 6B and Figure 3). The monthly half-hourly periods during 2023 with the highest share of metered electricity generation by Gas were between 7am and 8:30am in May at 67% (See Table 6B). The time period with the lowest Gas share was between 0:30am and 5am in December at 28%.
The monthly half-hourly period in 2023 with the highest share of metered electricity generation by Wind was in December between 11:30pm and midnight at 60% (See Table 6C and Figure 3). The time periods with the lowest Wind share in 2023 were between 8am and 9am in May at 18%.
There were around 500 metered electricity generation plants providing electricity to the national grid in 2023 (See Table 7). A power plant was calculated on the basis of its unique identification number. The unique ID is changed when a plant is sold so the same location could be counted more than once. Wind farms accounted for 62% of power plants in 2023. In 2022, 15 Solar farms were connected to the grid, and this increased to 21 in 2023.
In 2023, a total of 446,423 MWh were exported (See Table 8A). Imports increased considerably in 2023 to 3.7 million MWh - total Imports in 2022 were 1.6 million MWh (See Table 8B).
Exports | Imports | |
2015 | 1078604 | 1751974 |
2016 | 1583011 | 871294 |
2017 | 1794910 | 1116408 |
2018 | 1649249 | 1621519 |
2019 | 1535038 | 2179579 |
2020 | 1913096 | 1761447 |
2021 | 863329 | 2450923 |
2022 | 1329732 | 1581628 |
2023 | 446423 | 3721175 |
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (14 February 2024) published Metered Electricity Generation for December 2023.
Commenting on the release Dympna Corry, Statistician in the Environment and Climate Division, said: "The release shows how the proportion of metered electricity generated from renewable fuel sources (Wind, Solar, Renewable Hydro, and Other Renewable) and non-renewable fuel sources varies by time of day and by month.”
Monthly and Annual Peak Demand
In 2023, peak electricity demand exceeded 700,000 megawatt-hours (MWh) in eight half-hourly periods between 4:30pm and 8:30pm (See Table 5A and Figure 1). The highest 30-minute period for the year was between 6pm and 6:30pm at 750,338 MWh. The time period with the highest half-hourly generation within a single month was in January 2023 when 73,791 MWh were generated between 5:30pm and 6pm.
Natural Gas and Wind
In December 2023, Wind accounted for 55% and Gas accounted for 32% of metered electricity generation (See Table 2A). The overall rates for 2023 were 47% for Gas and 39% for Wind (See Table 3).
Renewable Hydro
There were 933,228 MWh of metered electricity generated by Renewable Hydro in 2023 which was the highest in the 2020-2023 time series (See Table 3).
In 2023, December was the month with the highest generation from Renewable Hydro at 121,933 MWh (See Table 2B).
In 2023, Renewable Hydro was the fourth highest fuel source for metered electricity generation with 933,228 MWh compared with 593,508 MWh for Waste and 439,162 MWh for Solar (See Table 3).
Monthly Renewable Hydro generation exceeded that of Solar for January to April 2023 and for August to December 2023 (See Table 2B).
Solar
Metered electricity generated from Solar increased from 20,120 MWh in 2022 to 439,162 MWh in 2023 (See Table 3). The highest ever quantity of metered electricity generation from Solar in a single month was in June 2023 at 68,120 MWh (See Table 2B).
The monthly half-hourly period in 2023 with the highest amount of metered electricity generated from Solar occurred between 2pm and 2:30pm in May 2023 with a monthly figure of 3,505 MWh for that 30-minute period (See Table 5C).
Electricity generated by households and enterprises from rooftop solar panels, primarily for own consumption, is not included in this release.
Coal
Electricity generated from Coal increased from 723,440 MWh in 2020 to 2.8 million MWh in 2021 and 2.5 million MWh in 2022 (See Table 3). In 2023, electricity generation from Coal was 1.2 million MWh.
Exports and Imports of Electricity
In 2023, 0.4 million MWh were exported which was well below the 2022 annual figure of 1.3 million MWh (See Table 8A). There was a sharp increase in Imports of electricity in 2023 to 3.7 million MWh compared with 1.6 million MWh in 2022 (See Table 8B).