The number of domestic Building Energy Rating (BER) audits reported in January to March (Q1) 2025 was 23% higher than in the same quarter of 2024 (See Table 1).
A ratings were given to more than 95% of audited dwellings built since 2015 (See Figure 2 and Table 2).
Electricity was the main space heating fuel for more than 90% of audited dwellings built since 2020, compared with 24% overall (See Figure 1, Table A and Table 9).
Mid-floor apartments were the most energy efficient dwelling type proportionally, with 28% of those audited receiving an A rating (See Table 3 and Table 13).
By county, the highest proportions of A rated dwellings were in Kildare (27%), Meath (26%) and Dublin County (25%), while the lowest were in Leitrim and Cork City (both 5%) (See Table 4).
In the Dublin postal districts, the highest proportions of A ratings were in Dublin 18 (41%), Dublin 13 (30%) and Dublin 20 (28%) (See Table 5).
For all dwellings receiving a BER certificate from 2009-2025 where the main space heating fuel is recorded, the most common was mains gas (36%), followed by heating oil (35%) and then electricity (24%). However, for dwellings built since 2015, electricity is the most common. More than 90% of those built since 2020 use electricity for main space heating (See Figure 1 and Table A).
| Mains Gas | Heating Oil | Electricity | Solid Fuel | LPG | |
| 1700-1977 | 38 | 41 | 13 | 7 | 1 |
| 1978-1999 | 33 | 44 | 16 | 5 | 1 |
| 2000-2004 | 40 | 36 | 20 | 2 | 1 |
| 2005-2009 | 43 | 32 | 20 | 2 | 3 |
| 2010-2014 | 42 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 2 |
| 2015-2019 | 44 | 5 | 50 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020-2024 | 7 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 0 |
| 2025-2029 | 2 | 0 | 98 | 0 | 0 |
| Table A: Main Space Heating Fuel by Period of Construction (2009-2025) | ||||||
| % of row | ||||||
| Period of Construction | Fuel Type | Total | ||||
| Mains Gas | Heating Oil | Electricity | Solid Fuel | LPG | ||
| 1700-1977 | 38 | 41 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 370,332 |
| 1978-1999 | 33 | 44 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 314,761 |
| 2000-2004 | 40 | 36 | 20 | 2 | 1 | 199,760 |
| 2005-2009 | 43 | 32 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 185,300 |
| 2010-2014 | 42 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 2 | 14,302 |
| 2015-2019 | 44 | 5 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 56,708 |
| 2020-2024 | 7 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 95,420 |
| 2025-2029 | 2 | 0 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 2,365 |
| All | 36 | 35 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 1,238,948 |
The number of domestic Building Energy Rating (BER) audits reported in January to March (Q1) 2025 was 40,571. This was 23% higher than the number published in Q1 2024, and the highest first quarter total for any year since 2009. In total, 1.6 million BER audits have been published from 2009-2025 (See Table 1).
A ratings were given to 100% of audited dwellings built between 2025-2029, 98% of those built between 2020-2024 and 94% of those built between 2015-2019. In comparison, 37% of dwellings built between 2010-2014 received an A rating, and 4% of those from 2005-2009 (See Figure 2 and Table 2).
| A | B | C | D | E | F-G | |
| 1700-1977 | 3 | 8 | 20 | 23 | 18 | 28 |
| 1978-1999 | 2 | 13 | 41 | 29 | 9 | 5 |
| 2000-2004 | 2 | 19 | 57 | 17 | 4 | 1 |
| 2005-2009 | 4 | 41 | 45 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
| 2010-2014 | 37 | 55 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015-2019 | 94 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020-2024 | 99 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2025-2029 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
By county, the highest proportions of A rated dwellings were in Kildare (27%), Meath (26%) and Dublin County (25%), while the lowest were in Leitrim and Cork City (both 5%). The highest proportions of G rated dwellings were in counties Roscommon (11%), Leitrim (11%) and Tipperary (10%) (see Table 4). In the Dublin postal districts, the highest proportions of A ratings were in Dublin 18 (41%), Dublin 13 (30%) and Dublin 20 (28%). The highest level of G rating was 13% in Dublin 06 (See Table 5).
The most common main space heating fuel in audited dwellings was mains gas (36%), followed by heating oil (35%) and electricity. For dwellings built since 2015, electricity was the most common space heating fuel. Dwellings constructed to-date in 2025 were 98% electrically heated, as were 92% of those from between 2020-2024 (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Table A and Table 9).
| Mains Gas | Heating Oil | Electricity | |
| 2000-2004 | 40 | 36 | 20 |
| 2005-2009 | 43 | 32 | 20 |
| 2010-2014 | 42 | 34 | 21 |
| 2015-2019 | 44 | 5 | 50 |
| 2020-2024 | 7 | 0 | 92 |
| 2025-2029 | 2 | 0 | 98 |
The average floor area for all audited dwellings was 117m2. The dwelling type with the largest average floor area was detached houses (167m2) while the smallest type was basement dwellings (See Table 12). Mid-floor apartments were the most energy efficient dwelling type proportionally, with 28% of those audited receiving an A rating. Basement dwellings had the highest proportion of G ratings (25%) by type of dwelling (See Table 3 and Table 13).
Of the 300,000 dwellings which received more than one BER audit since 2009, 12% received an A or B rating in their earliest assessment, while 39% received an A or B rating in the most recent assessment. In contrast, 16% of dwellings were rated F or G in their first assessment, compared with 4% of the final ratings (See Table 15 and Figure 4).
| Earliest | Latest | |
| A | 2 | 9 |
| B1 | 1 | 6 |
| B2 | 3 | 9 |
| B3 | 6 | 15 |
| C1 | 9 | 14 |
| C2 | 11 | 13 |
| C3 | 12 | 10 |
| D1 | 13 | 8 |
| D2 | 12 | 6 |
| E1 | 8 | 3 |
| E2 | 7 | 2 |
| F | 7 | 2 |
| G | 9 | 2 |
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (16 April 2025) published Domestic Building Energy Ratings for Quarter 1 (Q1) 2025.
Commenting on the release, Kevin Hunt, Statistician in the Climate and Energy Division, said: "The number of domestic Building Energy Rating (BER) audits reported in January to March (Q1) 2025 was 40,571. This was 23% higher than the number published in Q1 2024, and the highest first quarter total for any year since 2009. In total, 1.6 million BER audits have been published from 2009-2025 (See Table 1).
Of the 1.3 million unique dwellings to receive an audit since 2009, 16% received an A rating in their most recent audit, 16% a B rating, and 32% a C rating (See Table 2).
BERs by Period of Construction
A ratings were given to 100% of audited dwellings built in 2025 to-date, 99% of those built between 2020-2024 and 94% of those built between 2015-2019. In comparison, 37% of dwellings built between 2010-2014 received an A rating, and 4% of those from 2005-2009 (See Figure 2 and Table 2).
Main Space Heating Fuel
The most common main space heating fuel in audited dwellings in 2025 was mains gas (36%), followed by heating oil (35%) and electricity. For dwellings built since 2015, electricity was the most common space heating fuel. Dwellings constructed in 2025 to-date were 98% electrically heated, as were 92% of those from between 2020-2024 (See Figure 1, Table A and Table 9).
Local Area Analysis
By county, the highest proportions of A rated dwellings were in Kildare (27%), Meath (26%) and Dublin County (25%), while the lowest were in Leitrim and Cork City (both 5%). The highest proportions of G rated dwellings were in counties Roscommon (11%), Leitrim (11%) and Tipperary (10%) (See Table 4).
In the Dublin postal districts, the highest proportions of A ratings were in Dublin 18 (41%), Dublin 13 (30%) and Dublin 20 (28%). The highest level of G rating was 13% in Dublin 06 (See Table 5).
Dwelling Type and Floor Area
The average floor area for all audited dwellings was 117m2. The dwelling type with the largest average floor area was detached houses (167m2) while the smallest type was basement dwellings (see Table 12). Mid-floor apartments were the most energy efficient dwelling type proportionally, with 28% of those audited receiving an A rating. Basement dwellings had the highest proportion of G ratings (25%) by type of dwelling (See Table 3 and Table 13).
Dwellings with Multiple BER Audits
Of the 300,000 dwellings which received more than one BER audit since 2009, 12% received an A or B rating in their earliest assessment, while 39% received an A or B rating in the most recent assessment. In contrast, 16% of dwellings were rated F or G in their first assessment, compared with 4% of the final ratings (See Table 15 and Figure 4).”