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Society - Social cohesion

1.8 EU: At risk of poverty rates, 20131
 
% of population
CountryBefore pensions and social transfersAfter pensions and social transfersReduction
Czech Republic36.98.628.3
Netherlands37.210.426.8
Finland41.711.829.9
Denmark41.812.329.5
Slovakia38.012.825.2
France44.713.731.0
Ireland49.814.135.7
Hungary49.614.335.3
Austria44.114.429.7
Slovenia42.314.527.8
Sweden42.314.827.5
Belgium42.015.126.9
Cyprus36.515.321.2
Malta38.415.722.7
Luxembourg45.315.929.4
United Kingdom45.215.929.3
Germany43.716.127.6
EU 2844.416.627.8
Poland43.017.325.7
Estonia39.618.621.0
Portugal46.918.728.2
Italy45.219.126.1
Latvia43.019.423.6
Croatia44.619.525.1
Spain45.520.425.1
Lithuania46.620.626.0
Bulgaria41.821.020.8
Romania48.222.425.8
Greece53.423.130.3
    
Iceland34.49.325.1
Norway38.010.927.1
Switzerland34.914.520.4
Macedonia41.024.216.8
Source:Eurostat, EU SILC
1 Data in this table are obtained from the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC). Rates are calculated using a Eurostat definition of income and modified OECD equivalence scale (see Appendix 1).
  • Ireland had the second highest percentage of population in the EU in 2013 at risk of poverty, before pensions and social transfers, at 49.8%.
  • However the at risk of poverty rate in Ireland, (after pensions and social transfers), of 14.1% was the seventh lowest rate in the EU.
  • Less than one in ten of the Czech Republic population was at risk of poverty (after pensions and social transfers) in 2013. Just under a quarter of the Greek population was at risk of poverty (after pensions and social transfers).
  • The at risk of poverty rate in Ireland, as calculated by Eurostat, has declined from 20.9% in 2004 to 14.1% in 2013, a drop of 6.8 percentage points.
Ireland
200420.9
200519.7
200618.5
200717.2
200815.5
200915
201015.2
201115.2
201215.7
201314.1
1.9 Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent poverty rates by age group1, 2012-2014
       
%
 At risk of povertyConsistent poverty
Age group201220132014201220132014
0-1718.817.918.69.911.711.2
18-6416.415.316.57.88.07.9
65+12.19.210.32.61.92.1
State16.515.216.37.78.28.0
Source: CSO SILC
1 Calculated using the national definition of income.
  • The at risk of poverty rate in Ireland was 16.3% in 2014, with just under one in six of the population at risk of poverty.
  • The at risk of poverty rate was highest for those aged under 18, with 18.6% of this age group at risk of poverty. People aged 65 and over had an at risk of poverty risk of just over half this rate, at 10.3%.
  • The consistent poverty rate was 8% in 2014. An individual is considered to be in consistent poverty when they are at risk of poverty and are also experiencing enforced deprivation, (see Appendix 1).
  • Just under one in eight children (11.2%) were in consistent poverty in Ireland in 2014 while the rate for those aged 65 and over was 2.1%.
At risk of poverty rateConsistent poverty rate
0-1718.611.2
18-6416.57.9
65+10.32.1
State16.38
1.10 Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent poverty rates by household composition1, 2012-2014
 
%
 At risk of poverty rateConsistent poverty rate
Household composition201220132014201220132014
1 adult aged 65+12.912.813.73.12.92.7
1 adult aged < 6527.127.225.716.114.514.1
2 adults, at least 1 aged 65+13.08.710.72.91.51.9
2 adults, both aged <6512.411.210.65.53.94.5
3 or more adults13.411.115.95.64.74.4
1 adult with children aged under 1829.131.732.017.423.022.1
2 adults with 1-3 children aged under 1813.911.112.86.46.67.9
Other households with children aged under 1821.524.723.410.815.011.9
State16.515.216.37.78.28.0
Source: CSO SILC
1 Calculated using the national definition of income.
  • Over three out of every ten (32%) Irish households composed of one adult with children aged under 18 were at risk of poverty in 2014. The consistent poverty rate for these households was 22.1%.
  • Other households with children aged under 18 had an at risk of poverty rate of 23.4% while the consistent poverty rate for these households was 11.9%.
  • Single person households where the person was aged under 65 also had a high rate of at risk of poverty (25.7%) and consistent poverty (14.1%).
  • The lowest at risk of poverty rates were in households with two adults, (both aged < 65), while the lowest consistent povety rate, at 1.9%, was in households with two adults where at least one of whom was aged over 65.
1.11 Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent poverty rates by principal economic status 1, 2012-2014
       
%
 At risk of poverty rateConsistent poverty rate
Household composition201220132014201220132014
At work5.95.06.11.92.02.4
Unemployed34.736.735.919.223.922.6
Student30.228.233.711.215.212.0
Home duties22.321.124.610.59.411.9
Retired11.510.010.92.41.72.4
Not at work due to illness or disability30.318.122.817.610.813.2
State16.515.216.37.78.28.0
Source: CSO SILC
1Calculated using the national definition of income.
  • Over a third of Irish households with an unemployed head of household were at risk of poverty in 2014. These households also had a high rate of consistent poverty at 22.6%.
  • In contrast, households where the head of household was at work had an at risk of poverty rate of 6.1% and a consistent poverty rate of just 2.4%.
At risk of poverty rateConsistent poverty rate
At work6.12.4
Unemployed35.922.6
Student33.712
Home duties24.611.9
Retired10.92.4
Not at work due to ilness or disability22.813.2
1.12 EU: Gender pay gap, 2012-20141
    
Difference between male and female gross hourly earnings as % of average gross hourly male earnings
Country201220132014
Slovenia2.53.22.9
Croatia2.99.010.4
Poland6.47.17.7
Malta6.55.14.5
Italy6.77.36.5
Luxembourg8.68.68.6
Romania9.79.110.1
Belgium10.010.09.9
Lithuania12.613.314.8
Latvia13.814.415.2
Ireland14.4::
Bulgaria14.713.513.4
Portugal14.813.014.5
Greece15.0::
France15.415.315.3
Sweden15.915.214.6
Cyprus16.215.815.4
EU 2816.616.416.1
Denmark16.816.415.8
Netherlands17.616.616.2
United Kingdom19.119.718.3
Spain19.318.818.8
Finland19.418.718.0
Hungary20.118.415.1
Slovakia21.519.821.1
Czech Republic22.222.122.1
Germany22.421.621.6
Austria23.423.022.9
Estonia30.029.928.3
    
Norway15.116.014.9
Iceland18.720.518.7
Switzerland19.219.3:
Source: Eurostat, EU SES
1 2010 data used for Greece
  • Female employees were paid 14.4% an hour less than male employees in Ireland in 2012. This gave Ireland the eleventh lowest gender pay gap in the EU in 2012, when the average EU gender pay gap was 16.6%.
  • The lowest gender pay gap in the EU in 2014 was in Slovenia at 2.9% while the highest was in Estonia at 28.3%.
1.13 EU: Net official development assistance, 2012-2014
 
% of GNI
Country201220132014
Sweden0.971.011.10
Luxembourg1.001.001.07
Denmark0.830.850.85
United Kingdom0.560.710.71
Netherlands0.710.670.64
Finland0.530.540.60
Belgium0.470.450.45
Germany0.370.380.41
Ireland0.430.420.38
France0.450.410.36
Austria0.280.270.26
Portugal0.280.230.19
Italy0.140.170.16
Spain0.160.170.14
Slovenia0.130.130.13
Czech Republic0.120.110.11
Greece0.130.100.11
Poland0.090.100.08
Slovak Republic0.090.090.08
    
Norway0.931.070.99
Switzerland0.470.470.49
Iceland0.220.250.21
Source: OECD Development Co-operation report
  • Net official development assistance in Ireland was 0.38% of Gross National Income (GNI) in 2014, and was the ninth highest in the EU.
  • In 2014 the Irish contribution was below the UN 2007 target of 0.7%.
  • Four EU countries (Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and the United Kingdom) and Norway exceeded the UN target in 2014.
  • Net official development assistance in Ireland increased from 0.39% of GNI in 2005 to 0.56% in 2008 before falling to 0.38% in 2014, (see graph).
Ireland net ODS as % of GNIUN target (0.7% of GNI)
20050.392001409443270.7
20060.4995121472272170.7
20070.5086289969338590.7
20080.5639470782800440.7
20090.5070738985430930.7
20100.4793009780349940.7
20110.4585994374297660.7
20120.4346173515224390.7
20130.4159566480592820.7
20140.3751044736055440.7
1.14 EU: Private households with Internet access1, 2010-2014
 
% of households
Country20102011201220132014
Luxembourg9091939496
Netherlands9194949596
Denmark8690929393
Finland8184878990
Sweden8891929390
United Kingdom8083878890
Germany8283858889
Belgium7377788083
Estonia6769747983
France7476808283
Ireland7278818282
EU 287073767981
Malta7075777981
Austria7375798181
Czech Republic6167657378
Slovakia6771757878
Slovenia6873747677
Hungary6065697175
Poland6367707275
Spain5863677074
Italy5962636973
Latvia6064697273
Cyprus5457626569
Croatia5661666568
Greece4650545666
Lithuania6160606566
Portugal5458616265
Romania4247545861
Bulgaria3345515457
      
Iceland9293959696
Norway9092939493
Switzerland::::91
Macedonia46:586568
Turkey42:474960
Source: Eurostat
1 This table measures all means a household may have of accessing the Internet.
  • More than four out five (82%) private households in Ireland had internet access in 2014, compared to 72% in 2010.
  • Ireland had the eleventh highest rate of internet access for households in the EU in 2014, just above the EU average rate of 81%.
  • Six countries - Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom  had household internet access rates of 90% of more in 2014.
  • The lowest rate of household internet access was in Bulgaria at 57%.

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